Brazil’s Art
Music History
Brazil
was a colony of Portugal from the time Pedro Alvares Cabral landed there in
1500 until 1815. It was then elevated to the rank of kingdom and the united
kingdom of Portugal was formed. After Napoleon invaded Portugal, in 1822,
Brazil gained independence.
Brazilian music incorporates various music styles. These styles were influenced by many other cultures including African, European and Amerindian. Unique Brazilian music styles have since developed including samba, lambada, choro, bossa nova, frevo and many others. Worldwide, Brazil is best known for Samba, especially because of the country’s carnival.
Brazilian music incorporates various music styles. These styles were influenced by many other cultures including African, European and Amerindian. Unique Brazilian music styles have since developed including samba, lambada, choro, bossa nova, frevo and many others. Worldwide, Brazil is best known for Samba, especially because of the country’s carnival.
The
music Brazil is extremely diverse. Cities such as Rio De Janero and others provide
opportunities for hearing many kinds of Brazilian music including Brazilian
popular music that have become well known all over the world. Much of the music
and tradition originates from immigrants who came to Brazil in the 1800s and
after, particularly in 1888 when slavery was abolished in the country.
Brazil is a unique country in Latin America because it was an empire ruled by a European king, and Portuguese influence was strong. The royal bloodline lasted well into the period of the country’s independence.
During the Gold Era (1750-1800) artistic activity such as music flourished. The most outstanding composer of that time was Jose Jaoquim Emerico Lobo de Mesquita (1746-1805); he composed more than three hundred pieces.
Outside the mining areas, in Rio de Janeiro, musical life was centered on the monastery of Sao Bento and the cathedral of Saint Sebastian. In 1763 Rio became the capital of the colony and was Brazil’s cultural center. The new musical trends and fashions that emerged from Rio radiated to other parts of the country.
In 1808, the Portuguese court moved to Rio to escape Napoleonic threat. King Dom Joao remained on the colony for thirteen years and his love of the arts gave new musical vitality to the capital. When the king returned to Portugal, he left the kingdom to his son Dom Pedro I, who declared its independence in 1822.
Brazil is a unique country in Latin America because it was an empire ruled by a European king, and Portuguese influence was strong. The royal bloodline lasted well into the period of the country’s independence.
During the Gold Era (1750-1800) artistic activity such as music flourished. The most outstanding composer of that time was Jose Jaoquim Emerico Lobo de Mesquita (1746-1805); he composed more than three hundred pieces.
Outside the mining areas, in Rio de Janeiro, musical life was centered on the monastery of Sao Bento and the cathedral of Saint Sebastian. In 1763 Rio became the capital of the colony and was Brazil’s cultural center. The new musical trends and fashions that emerged from Rio radiated to other parts of the country.
In 1808, the Portuguese court moved to Rio to escape Napoleonic threat. King Dom Joao remained on the colony for thirteen years and his love of the arts gave new musical vitality to the capital. When the king returned to Portugal, he left the kingdom to his son Dom Pedro I, who declared its independence in 1822.
The 18th century:
In the more developed regions of Brazil there was powerful musical activity because of there educational structures. In the first half of the century the most notable works were composed by Luis Alvares Pinto, Caetano de Mello Jesus and Antonio Jose da Silva. In the second part of the century, the population had increased in size due to the success of gold mining; notable composers during this time were Lobo de Mesquita, Manuel Dias de Oliveira and Francisco Gomes da Rocha.
The classical period: 1808-1821
During this period King John VI of Portugal brought his musical library with him to Brazil, it was one of the best in Europe at the time, he ordered the construction of the Royal Theater of Sao Joao. Marcos Portugal was the designated composer of the household and brought not only his own work, but the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Nunes Garcia was the most well known composer of this time, He composed the first opera written in Brazil.
The Romantic period: 1830
Francisco Manuel da Silva was a student of Nunes Garcia, and founded the Musical Conservatory of Rio de Janeiro, he also authored the Brazilian national Anthem’s melody.
Nationalism: 1900-1922
The beginning of the 20th century was a time for creating music that was authentically Brazilian. The music of this time was influenced less by European culture. Composers drew their inspiration from folklore.
The avant-garde movement: 1939- 1960
In 1939 the Movemento Musica Viva (Living Music Movement) erupted led by Hans Joachim Koellreutter. It was a reaction against nationalist style and integrated an international approach. After 1960 the Brazilian Avante-garde movement focused on different styles including serial music, electronic music, concrete music and microtonal music.
Contemporary:
Contemporary Brazilian music is a mixture of traditional and experimental. Brazil has several orchestras that are recognized internationally. The Brazilian music industry has several famous conductors such as Roberto Minczuk and John Neschling, and numerous instrumentalists and singers.
In the more developed regions of Brazil there was powerful musical activity because of there educational structures. In the first half of the century the most notable works were composed by Luis Alvares Pinto, Caetano de Mello Jesus and Antonio Jose da Silva. In the second part of the century, the population had increased in size due to the success of gold mining; notable composers during this time were Lobo de Mesquita, Manuel Dias de Oliveira and Francisco Gomes da Rocha.
The classical period: 1808-1821
During this period King John VI of Portugal brought his musical library with him to Brazil, it was one of the best in Europe at the time, he ordered the construction of the Royal Theater of Sao Joao. Marcos Portugal was the designated composer of the household and brought not only his own work, but the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Nunes Garcia was the most well known composer of this time, He composed the first opera written in Brazil.
The Romantic period: 1830
Francisco Manuel da Silva was a student of Nunes Garcia, and founded the Musical Conservatory of Rio de Janeiro, he also authored the Brazilian national Anthem’s melody.
Nationalism: 1900-1922
The beginning of the 20th century was a time for creating music that was authentically Brazilian. The music of this time was influenced less by European culture. Composers drew their inspiration from folklore.
The avant-garde movement: 1939- 1960
In 1939 the Movemento Musica Viva (Living Music Movement) erupted led by Hans Joachim Koellreutter. It was a reaction against nationalist style and integrated an international approach. After 1960 the Brazilian Avante-garde movement focused on different styles including serial music, electronic music, concrete music and microtonal music.
Contemporary:
Contemporary Brazilian music is a mixture of traditional and experimental. Brazil has several orchestras that are recognized internationally. The Brazilian music industry has several famous conductors such as Roberto Minczuk and John Neschling, and numerous instrumentalists and singers.
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